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Ngorongoro Conservation AreaGeneral DescriptionNgorongoro conservation Area is the most impressive area for tourists in Africa,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this is due to its scenic beauty, its wildlife as well as its atmosphere. Ngorongoro Highland stimulate one to understand the geology of the area because the area consists of mountains, craters, calderas and gorges. There are nine craters in Ngorongoro conservation area but the most impressive one is Ngorongoro crater. Ngorongoro crater is just one large jewel in a superior setting of the mountain, forests and plains, furthermore, the beautiful landscapes are the home of a fantastic wealth of the wildlife, but during the rainy seasons the number of animals such as Wildebeest,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Zebra, and other migratory species tend to go down in the short grass plain. Also to make it unique the contain also some of the world's richest archaeological site such as Olduvai Gorge and Laetoli which often give us glimpsing of our evolution through the past four million years.In1959 Serengeti National park was separated into the Serengeti National(SNP) and Ngorongoro Conservation Area(NCA) all residents in SNP were asked to move to the NCA. After independence in 1961 the Tanzania's government established the body, Ngorongoro conservation Area Authority(NCAA), this body was established for the purpose of protecting and integrating diverse values and interests. Ngorongoro conservation area is located between 3degree and 15' South and 35degrees and 30'East in the Northern Tanzania, it lies at the western edge of the great lift valley with Lake Lanyard,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Lake Eyasi,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Lake Natron and the active volcano Mountain(Oldoinyo Lengai). Also NCA is interior about 560km from the sea level and lies in halfway between lake Victoria and Mount Kilimanjaro.Ngorongoro Conservation Area covers an area of about 8300sqkm(3200sqMiles) but about 256sqkm or 3% coved by Ngorongoro crater, hence this make it to be the sixth largest caldera in the world, the 1st 2nd 3rd and 5th are in Japan and the fourth one is in Philippines, this crater is 2440m above sea level. The northern highland forest cover an area of about 20% and 27% the remainder of other highland and the surrounding plain bush or woodlands to the north and west cover the remaining 50% of the overall area. Ngorongoro's climate is influenced by the seasons and topography, there are two different seasons; dry season, which occurs from June to October and wet seasons which occur from November to May, this wet seasons is divided to short rain which brought by the northern monsoon and long rain by south-eastern monsoon. Normally in the highland it just cloudy and rains almost every day during the summer. Normally all rain falls between month of November through may at the wet seasons,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], different part of NCA receive different rainfall depending location and the altitude., the wettest area are on the east and south sides of the highland, while the driest part are plains and Olduvai gorge,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], lying at the feet of mountains in what it is known as the'' rain shadow''. The annual rainfall varies from 450mm in the plains in the north -west to over 1600mm on the highland, the highest rainfall area is on the eastern and southern sides of highland. Temperature in NCA vary from 3degree to 35degree. The temperature are normally lower along the rim of the Ngorongoro crater than on the level ground, it can become the freezing cold in the summer when it rains, but the coldest month is from June to August.You can travel almost anywhere any time of the year though the muddy condition at the end of rain seasons (April-May) so this make much driving difficult along the highland. From June to October it is usually dry every where . All roads within NCA are not tarred, the main loads from Lodoare Gate to Naabi Gate ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this roads are also gravelled.In the the north-west of NCA there is the oldest mountains which are formed in 500million years ago, this mountain is called Gol mountain . It rises 915m above Ang'ata sales plains the mountain are 2350m above sea level and the highest peak is called Lololo. There are two interesting features found in Gol mountain, these are Olkarien Gorge which are the major nesting site of a vulture and Nasera rock which is granite monolith rises nearly 100m above the plains. Also at the eastern part of NCA there are mountains, craters,valley and depression this highland are formed by volcanic activity. In the NCA there are nine craters namely in descending order; Lolmalasin, Losirua, Empakaai, Oldeani, Lemagarut, Olmoti, Sadiman, Ngorongoro and Keramasi. The highest crater is Lolmalasin which has 3700m and the lowest craters is Keramasi which has 2300m, before it collapse Ngorongoro crater has 4587m above sea level. The most plain at the North -west part of the NCA that cover large part is Short grass plains, this is formed due to volcanic soil which has very nutrients to supporting healthy grass. In Ngorongoro crater also there is lake ''Magadi'' or in Maasai word '' Makat'' which means sod/ salt lake Empakaai covers partly the floors of Empakaai craters, this lake is the salt lake and very deep about 60m compared to other lakes salt, these lakes together with Olbalbal depression lies east of Ngorongoro, Embulbul depression lies between Olmoti, Losirua, Lolmalasin and Empakaai craters, and Malanja depression which lies south-west of Ngorongoro craters. Malanja and Embulbul depression lies at 2100m and 2320m respectively above sea level. In Ngorongoro crater there is the Munge river which originate in Olmoti crater providing the fresh water to Mandusi swamp and the Lonyonyokie river from Oldeani Mountain provides also the fresh water to the Gorigor swamp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], apart from these there is Olduvai river which run along the Olduvai Gorge but it is dry for almost a year, to the west of the Ngorongoro crater there is Olbalbal swamp fed by Olduvai river. At the east and south-west in the Ngorongoro crater there is two spring fed by underground streams, these spring are called Ngoitokitok spring and Seneto Spring respectively. Please visit Wild Things if you are interested in visiting Ngorongoro.
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